Laparoscopy Everything You Need to Know

What Is Laparoscopy and When Is It Used?

Laparoscopy is one of the most important surgical methods in modern gynecology and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. At Fertulity, we approach laparoscopic surgery not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a therapeutic intervention that can significantly increase the chances of conception. Our expertise in cases such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, adhesions, and fibroids allows us to apply personalized protocols tailored to the profile of each woman who wishes to become a mother.

Laparoscopy is a modern, minimally invasive endoscopic surgical method that allows direct examination of the abdominal cavity and, in particular, detailed evaluation of the female internal reproductive organs — the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Through a small incision near the navel, about 1 cm in diameter, a thin telescope (laparoscope) is inserted, providing high-definition imaging of the abdominal interior. At the same time, with the help of another 2–3 auxiliary incisions (0.5–1 cm), specialized surgical instruments are introduced to perform the necessary procedures. During the process, the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide, which creates the required space for clear visualization and safe manipulation of the organs. This method gives the physician not only visual access but also the ability to perform immediate therapeutic interventions, thus reducing the need for more invasive techniques such as laparotomy.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Diagnostic laparoscopy is used when direct and detailed assessment of the pelvic anatomical and functional conditions is required, especially in infertility cases. Through this approach, tubal patency is evaluated, possible adhesions, endometriosis foci, cysts, or other pathological lesions that may obstruct natural conception are detected. It is also particularly useful for assessing chronic or acute pelvic pain that remains unexplained through non-invasive methods such as imaging tests. In some cases, diagnostic laparoscopy is immediately converted to therapeutic if lesions that can be treated in the same operation are identified.

Operative Laparoscopy

Operative laparoscopy is a cornerstone of modern gynecological surgery. It is used to treat conditions that affect either the woman’s health or her reproductive ability. Procedures such as ovarian cyst removal, endometriosis treatment, adhesiolysis, correction of ovarian torsion, removal of fallopian tubes or ovaries, hysterectomy, or surgical treatment of fibroids are performed with precision and safety using the laparoscopic approach. Especially in settings such as Fertulity, operative laparoscopy is part of a comprehensive treatment plan aimed at restoring fertility and facilitating conception, either naturally or via assisted reproduction.

Talk to an expert

Procedure Step-by-Step

Laparoscopy is a surgical technique that requires precision and careful planning to ensure patient safety and procedural success. Below is a detailed description of each stage of the procedure, from preparation to hospital discharge.

Step 1Preoperative Preparation

Before surgery, the patient undergoes a basic clinical and blood workup and receives instructions regarding diet and hydration in the days leading up to the operation. On the day of the procedure, the patient arrives fasting, having refrained from food and liquids for at least 6–8 hours. If necessary, bowel preparation is also performed, especially when laparoscopy involves the bowel or pelvic area. The attending physician explains the procedure, answers questions, and obtains the patient’s written consent.

Step 2Anesthesia and Incisions

Laparoscopy is performed under general anesthesia so that the patient is fully sedated during the procedure. Once anesthesia is achieved, the abdominal area is disinfected, and the necessary small incisions are made. The main incision is made near the navel and is used for insertion of the laparoscope, while 2 or 3 auxiliary incisions on the sides of the abdomen allow the introduction of surgical tools.

Step 3 Abdominal Inflation

To create the necessary space between the internal organs and the abdominal wall, carbon dioxide is introduced into the peritoneal cavity. This process is called pneumoperitoneum. The gas causes mild abdominal distension and provides a clear visual field for the surgeon, reducing the risk of injury to adjacent organs.

Step 4 Endoscopy and Surgical Intervention

Once the laparoscope is placed and the cameras begin transmitting live images to a high-resolution monitor, the physician inspects the internal organs. Depending on the purpose of the laparoscopy, diagnostic evaluation or therapeutic intervention is
performed, such as removal of a cyst, adhesions, endometriosis, or fallopian tubes. All interventions are performed with meticulous handling, ensuring minimal blood loss and low tissue burden.

Step 5 Completion and Postoperative Care

After the procedure is completed, the carbon dioxide is carefully removed from the abdominal cavity and the incisions are closed with absorbable sutures or special bandages. The patient is monitored for a few hours in the recovery room and, depending on the type and extent of the operation, may return home the same day or stay overnight in the hospital. Postoperative instructions include medication, recommendations for mobilization and return to daily activities, and a follow-up evaluation at a scheduled time by the attending physician.

Book your appointment today

Frequently Asked Questions About Laparoscopy

What is the best time in the cycle for laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is ideally scheduled in the phase after menstruation and before ovulation, especially when related to fertility issues. This timeframe allows for better visualization of the fallopian tubes and endometrium and minimizes the risk of interfering with a potential pregnancy.

How soon after laparoscopy can I return to work?

Return to work depends on the nature of the procedure and type of occupation. In most cases, full recovery is achieved within 5–7 days, especially if it’s a diagnostic laparoscopy. For operative procedures such as fibroid or tubal removal, 10–14 days may be needed for full return.

Is there a risk of recurrence after laparoscopy?

The risk of recurrence depends on the nature of the condition. For example, in cases of endometriosis or adhesions, recurrence may occur over time if appropriate medication or supportive therapy is not followed. Proper postoperative monitoring plays a crucial role in preventing repeat issues.

Can laparoscopy be performed on women who have not given birth?

Yes, laparoscopy can be safely performed on women who have not had children. In fact, in many infertility cases, it is a necessary step for diagnosing and resolving obstacles that hinder natural conception — without affecting the woman’s reproductive capacity.

Is hospitalization necessary after laparoscopy?

In most cases, laparoscopy is performed as day surgery, and the patient can return home the same day. In more complex procedures or if complications arise, an overnight hospital stay of 24 hours or more may be required, always under the guidance of the medical team.

Our Doctors

In an era where fertility requires knowledge, care, and substantial guidance, FertUlity is not an impersonal clinic. It is two people who look you in the eye and accompany you step by step on the journey you dream of.

Dr. Chrysostomos (Makis) Papadopoulos Obstetrician – Gynecologist, MD, PhDc, MIC I

See Full CV

Dr. Chrysostomos Papadopoulos - Specialist in Infertility, Endocrinology & Menopause in Athens

Dr. Maria Oikonomou Obstetrician – Gynecologist

See Full CV

The First Step Starts Now

You don’t need to have all the answers to begin.
All it takes is one first step, and a team that truly listens.

Book Your Consultation

FertulityThrough the Words of our Parents

100% genuine, public Google reviews.
Because every fertility journey begins with honesty and trust.

      EXCELLENT  
   Based on 12 reviews 
    
 
 
 
   
 
 
      Posted on Google  
   
   Μαρια 
 26 days ago
 
 
  The word "thank you" to Dr. Makis Papadopoulos is too small to describe the gratitude we feel for this man. I am pregnant after IVF, having succeeded on the first attempt, and we owe this exclusively to our doctor. First Contact & Communication: From the very first contact, he won us over with his kindness, enthusiasm and willingness to dedicate as much time as we needed. Willing to explain everything in every detail, he solved every question we had in depth — not even a professor to students would analyze them with such patience and contagiousness! Scientific Training: He is an excellent scientist, with deep knowledge of the subject, a perfectionist and focused professional who leaves absolutely nothing to chance. He designed the right treatment for us, solving every problem down to the last detail, making us feel that whatever problem arises, it is certain that it will be solved. HUMANITY & SUPPORT: The most important thing, however, is his humanity. Communication with him was Immediate and he always had as much time as you needed on the phone to solve every question. He showed a deep, real interest, embracing us not just as a doctor, but as if he were our brother. We highly recommend him to every couple starting this journey. He deserves blind trust! We thank you from the bottom of our hearts for the greatest miracle of our lives!

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Alexandra 
 52 days ago
 
 
  I don't often write reviews, but I feel that Mr. Makis truly deserves it. From the very first moment, he made me feel safe and confident. He listened carefully to what was on my mind, answered every question I had, and explained everything in a simple way, always based on scientific data. Many times, he even sent me relevant scientific studies so that I could better understand why he was suggesting a particular approach. But what stood out to me the most was that he didn't stop at the appointment. He followed up, was genuinely interested in my progress, and was available when I needed him. This is something you rarely encounter. Fortunately, he returned to Greece. He is one of the few doctors who, beyond their knowledge, remain above all human beings. He makes you feel like he sees you as a person and not as just another incident.

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Matina 
 69 days ago
 
 
  A big thank you to Dr. Makis Papadopoulos who supported us from day one, who checked every little detail, who explained to us every move-step, every test, every medication for the reason we were doing it and what we would achieve. With incredible experience, knowledge, a lot of patience (because we had two other failed attempts with another doctor) and trust, within 8 months he adapted the protocols for our case and we achieved the positive result and we hold in our arms a priceless diamond. Above all, a rare person, calm and always available to listen to our concerns and reassure us. I highly recommend him!

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Eva 
 93 days ago
 
 
  Thanks to Dr Makis Papadopoulos, I am now holding my two beautiful babies in my arms! He is a true expert. Professional with a human centric approach, friendly and empathetic, always available to answer our (many many) questions. I trust Dr Makis blindly and, honestly, I cannot recommend him enough!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Ivy 
 100 days ago
 
 
  My experience with Dr. Makis took me from a clinical stagnation to an incredible breakthrough, highly recommend Dr. Makis! Navigating the exhausting world of IVF, you know how devastating it is to watch your protocol dosages go up while your results go down. After three intense, high-dosage cycles with a previous clinic, I was left feeling incredibly discouraged. Despite escalating medications and growth hormones, my blastocyst yield was dwindling, culminating in a heartbreaking round with zero blastocysts. I knew I needed a doctor who didn't just follow a standard script, but who truly understood the nuances of egg quality and customized protocols. That is when I found Dr. Makis. Dr. Makis completely revolutionized my treatment plan. Instead of just pushing maximum dosages, he took a highly strategic, tailored approach. The result? Quality over pure protocol size. While my previous doctors kept increasing the medication dosages (which yielded fewer or zero blastocysts), Dr. Makis completely changed the strategy. He lowered the heavy stimulation, introduced smart egg-quality support (like melatonin), changed the protocol style entirely, and achieved a 700% increase in blastocysts compared to my best previous rounds. Beyond the incredible results, Dr. Makis brings a level of expertise, precision, and reassuring care that is rare to find. He looks at you as an individual, not a statistic, and knows exactly how to pivot when traditional routes fail. If you are looking for a specialist who can turn a difficult prognosis into an overwhelming success, look no further than Dr. Makis. I am incredibly grateful for his care.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Olga 
 111 days ago
 
 
  Dr. Makis Papadopoulos was excellent, professional, and very reassuring throughout the entire process. Thanks to his expertise and guidance, we were able to identify the issue early and take the appropriate steps from the beginning. He took the time to explain everything clearly, answered all our questions with patience, and made us feel comfortable and confident throughout our journey. We truly appreciated his caring approach, professionalism, and dedication. Highly recommended!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Euaggelia 
 122 days ago
 
 
  Dr. Makis Papadopoulos is an excellent scientist and above all a rare person! He is an approachable and smiling doctor, with excellent medical knowledge, who from the first moment I met him made me feel comfortable and trust him completely, answering every question I had with patience and documenting every answer with scientific studies and articles! The most important thing, however, is that Dr. Makis Papadopoulos is always there on the other end of the line to listen to you and reassure you without a trace of haste, a doctor who truly cares and makes you feel like he is your own person! Makis, thank you very much for everything!!! I am very lucky to have met you!

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Anastasia 
 129 days ago
 
 
  Dr. Makis Papadopoulos is an excellent scientist with a human-centered interest. Our collaboration was excellent from the very beginning and he made me feel confident and secure by explaining every step of the process in great detail. I highly recommend him!

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Fay 
 131 days ago
 
 
  Dr Makis Papadopoulos is very professional, caring and attentive. Very thorough in explaining the whole process throughout every step. Thank you! Highly recommended!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Christina 
 134 days ago
 
 
  I would like to share my experience with Dr. Makis Papadopoulos, an outstanding gynecologist and scientist. We first connected in the summer of 2024, while he was based in Germany, through a mutual acquaintance, following a particularly challenging period for us. Prior to meeting him, we had gone through repeated unsuccessful attempts of stimulation and fertilization with other gynecologists. Unfortunately, those approaches relied largely on standardized protocols, without sufficient personalization to address the specific needs of my case. From the very beginning, Dr. Makis stood out for his human-centered approach and his willingness to dedicate time to truly understand our situation in depth. With strong, up-to-date scientific knowledge, he approaches every case holistically, focusing on individualized treatment and adapting protocols to the patient's unique needs. Throughout our collaboration, which now spans approximately two years (with a few breaks on our side), he has consistently been available, supportive, and clear in his guidance. He inspired confidence and helped us stay positive even during difficult phases of the journey. Beyond his scientific expertise, what truly sets him apart is his genuine care for the person behind each case: his empathy, honesty, and continuous effort to achieve the best possible outcome. My husband and I are deeply grateful for his support and guidance, and we now feel ready and optimistic to move forward to the next final stage. We highly recommend him to anyone seeking a gynecologist with true expertise, professionalism, and compassion. I would like to share my experience with Dr. Makis Papadopoulos, an excellent gynecologist and scientist. We met in the summer of 2024, when he was in Germany, through a mutual acquaintance, after a particularly demanding period for us. Before meeting him, we had gone through repeated failed attempts at stimulation and fertilization with other gynecologists. Unfortunately, the approaches that had been followed were mainly based on standardized protocols, without the necessary individualization to the specifics of my case. From the beginning, Dr. Makis stood out for his human approach and his willingness to spend time to understand our case in depth. With modern knowledge and scientific training, he approaches each issue multidimensionally, emphasizing the individualization of treatment and adapting the protocols to the real needs of the patient. During our collaboration, which now spans about two years (with short breaks on our part), he was always available, supportive and clear in his guidance. He inspired confidence in us and helped us remain optimistic even in difficult phases. In addition to his scientific competence, what sets him apart is his genuine interest in the person behind each case: his empathy, his honesty and his constant effort to achieve the best possible outcome. My husband and I thank him warmly for his support and guidance and we now feel ready and optimistic to move on to the next final stage. We highly recommend him to anyone looking for a gynecologist with real knowledge, professionalism and humanity.

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Faidra 
 135 days ago
 
 
  Dr. Makis Papadopoulos is an excellent gynecologist and above all an excellent person! I truly thank him for his support and care during the egg freezing process. Although my case was particularly demanding, he stood by me with patience, knowledge, great experience and real interest. Our communication was direct and human, while his availability at the many appointments made me feel safe at every step. The protocols were designed specifically for me, aiming for the best possible result, while also taking into account the cost of the medications. I recommend him with all my heart to every woman who wants to trust someone for something so important and sensitive for her.

(Translated by Google, see original)
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Iliana 
 137 days ago
 
 
  I highly recommend Dr. Makis, he is an incredible specialist. My journey was far from easy, encountering several challenges that  made the process feel overwhelming at times. What sets him apart is his willingness to go beyond standard procedures. He developed a specialized, custom protocol, tailored to my situation, which ultimately made all the difference. Beyond his technical expertise, his calm and clear communication kept me grounded throughout the process. I am so grateful for his persistence and high level of care!

Why choose FertUlity?

Because every fertility journey deserves the right support. At FertUlity, we provide science-based fertility care with a human approach. We support every path, from fertility assessment and preservation to modern assisted reproduction.

Ready for the next step?

Learn More About IVF & Fertility

Knowledge brings confidence. At FertUlity, we share evidence-based information so you can make the right decisions about your fertility.

Is removal of a uterine fibroid always necessary?

01/02/26

Read all articles