Laparoscopy Everything You Need to Know

Laparoscopy is one of the most important surgical methods in modern gynecology and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. At Fertulity, we approach laparoscopic surgery not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a therapeutic intervention that can significantly increase the chances of conception. Our expertise in cases such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, adhesions, and fibroids allows us to apply personalized protocols tailored to the profile of each woman who wishes to become a mother.

What Is Laparoscopy and When Is It Used?

Laparoscopy is a modern, minimally invasive endoscopic surgical method that allows direct examination of the abdominal cavity and, in particular, detailed evaluation of the female internal reproductive organs — the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Through a small incision near the navel, about 1 cm in diameter, a thin telescope (laparoscope) is inserted, providing high-definition imaging of the abdominal interior. At the same time, with the help of another 2–3 auxiliary incisions (0.5–1 cm), specialized surgical instruments are introduced to perform the necessary procedures. During the process, the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide, which creates the required space for clear visualization and safe manipulation of the organs. This method gives the physician not only visual access but also the ability to perform immediate therapeutic interventions, thus reducing the need for more invasive techniques such as laparotomy.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Diagnostic laparoscopy is used when direct and detailed assessment of the pelvic anatomical and functional conditions is required, especially in infertility cases. Through this approach, tubal patency is evaluated, possible adhesions, endometriosis foci, cysts, or other pathological lesions that may obstruct natural conception are detected. It is also particularly useful for assessing chronic or acute pelvic pain that remains unexplained through non-invasive methods such as imaging tests. In some cases, diagnostic laparoscopy is immediately converted to therapeutic if lesions that can be treated in the same operation are identified.

Operative Laparoscopy

Operative laparoscopy is a cornerstone of modern gynecological surgery. It is used to treat conditions that affect either the woman’s health or her reproductive ability. Procedures such as ovarian cyst removal, endometriosis treatment, adhesiolysis, correction of ovarian torsion, removal of fallopian tubes or ovaries, hysterectomy, or surgical treatment of fibroids are performed with precision and safety using the laparoscopic approach. Especially in settings such as Fertulity, operative laparoscopy is part of a comprehensive treatment plan aimed at restoring fertility and facilitating conception, either naturally or via assisted reproduction.

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Procedure Step-by-Step

Laparoscopy is a surgical technique that requires precision and careful planning to ensure patient safety and procedural success. Below is a detailed description of each stage of the procedure, from preparation to hospital discharge.

Step 1Preoperative Preparation

Before surgery, the patient undergoes a basic clinical and blood workup and receives instructions regarding diet and hydration in the days leading up to the operation. On the day of the procedure, the patient arrives fasting, having refrained from food and liquids for at least 6–8 hours. If necessary, bowel preparation is also performed, especially when laparoscopy involves the bowel or pelvic area. The attending physician explains the procedure, answers questions, and obtains the patient’s written consent.

Step 2Anesthesia and Incisions

Laparoscopy is performed under general anesthesia so that the patient is fully sedated during the procedure. Once anesthesia is achieved, the abdominal area is disinfected, and the necessary small incisions are made. The main incision is made near the navel and is used for insertion of the laparoscope, while 2 or 3 auxiliary incisions on the sides of the abdomen allow the introduction of surgical tools.

Step 3 Abdominal Inflation

To create the necessary space between the internal organs and the abdominal wall, carbon dioxide is introduced into the peritoneal cavity. This process is called pneumoperitoneum. The gas causes mild abdominal distension and provides a clear visual field for the surgeon, reducing the risk of injury to adjacent organs.

Step 4 Endoscopy and Surgical Intervention

Once the laparoscope is placed and the cameras begin transmitting live images to a high-resolution monitor, the physician inspects the internal organs. Depending on the purpose of the laparoscopy, diagnostic evaluation or therapeutic intervention is
performed, such as removal of a cyst, adhesions, endometriosis, or fallopian tubes. All interventions are performed with meticulous handling, ensuring minimal blood loss and low tissue burden.

Step 5 Completion and Postoperative Care

After the procedure is completed, the carbon dioxide is carefully removed from the abdominal cavity and the incisions are closed with absorbable sutures or special bandages. The patient is monitored for a few hours in the recovery room and, depending on the type and extent of the operation, may return home the same day or stay overnight in the hospital. Postoperative instructions include medication, recommendations for mobilization and return to daily activities, and a follow-up evaluation at a scheduled time by the attending physician.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Laparoscopy

What is the best time in the cycle for laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is ideally scheduled in the phase after menstruation and before ovulation, especially when related to fertility issues. This timeframe allows for better visualization of the fallopian tubes and endometrium and minimizes the risk of interfering with a potential pregnancy.

How soon after laparoscopy can I return to work?

Return to work depends on the nature of the procedure and type of occupation. In most cases, full recovery is achieved within 5–7 days, especially if it’s a diagnostic laparoscopy. For operative procedures such as fibroid or tubal removal, 10–14 days may be needed for full return.

Is there a risk of recurrence after laparoscopy?

The risk of recurrence depends on the nature of the condition. For example, in cases of endometriosis or adhesions, recurrence may occur over time if appropriate medication or supportive therapy is not followed. Proper postoperative monitoring plays a crucial role in preventing repeat issues.

Can laparoscopy be performed on women who have not given birth?

Yes, laparoscopy can be safely performed on women who have not had children. In fact, in many infertility cases, it is a necessary step for diagnosing and resolving obstacles that hinder natural conception — without affecting the woman’s reproductive capacity.

Is hospitalization necessary after laparoscopy?

In most cases, laparoscopy is performed as day surgery, and the patient can return home the same day. In more complex procedures or if complications arise, an overnight hospital stay of 24 hours or more may be required, always under the guidance of the medical team.

Our Doctors

In an era where fertility requires knowledge, care, and substantial guidance, FertUlity is not an impersonal clinic. It is two people who look you in the eye and accompany you step by step on the journey you dream of.

Dr. Maria Oikonomou Obstetrician – Gynecologist

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Dr. Chrysostomos (Makis) Papadopoulos Obstetrician – Gynecologist, MD, PhDc, MIC I

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